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Novel measurements of calcium sulfate hydration water δ¹⁸O and δD for reconstructing evaporative conditions in hyper-arid Negev Desert Reg-soils

Levy E. J.(1), Zilberman T. (1), Mushkin A. (1), Ayalon A. (1), Gázquez F. (2), and Amit R. (1)

(1) Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yesha'ayahu Leibowitz, Jerusalem 9692100, Israel

(5) (2) Universidad de Almería, Department of Biology and Geology, Almería, Spain

The stable isotopes of oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δD) of calcium sulfate hydration water (e.g., gypsum - CaSO₄·2H₂O; bassanite - CaSO₄·0.5H₂O), can be used to reconstruct evaporative conditions as well as estimate moisture sources. We developed a novel method for the δ¹⁸O and δD analysis of calcium sulfate hydration water which requires significantly lower amounts for analysis (~1 to 2 mg) compared to previous methods. These lower sample weight requirements prove valuable for gypsic-saline soil studies, as they both remove previous limitations of bulk measurement and improve spatial resolution. Reg soils, which are common in the hyper-arid southern Negev Desert, are abundant in evaporates, namely halite and calcium sulfates (gypsum, bassanite, anhydrite). Pedogenic gypsum and halite precipitated following the evaporation of meteoric-derived waters and accumulated in the subsurface due to minimal leaching. We measured calcium sulfate hydration water stable isotopes found 0 - 150 cm below the surface in a Reg soil section from Shehoret (Eilat). Preliminary results indicate substantial very high and variable δ¹⁸O values along the profile (+9.7‰ to +12.0‰) with ΔδD/Δδ¹⁸O slopes that reflect both the isotopic composition of meteoric water source and evaporation, consistent with the expected trends in hyper-arid soil environments (slope ~ 2 to 5). These novel pedogenic calcium sulfate isotope results prove promising for the reconstruction of local paleo-climate conditions and better understanding the formation and accumulation of soluble salts in general and calcium sulfates in particular in arid soils.

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