Accurately evaluating the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile is essential for geotechnical and seismic site characterization. Two primary approaches are commonly used: borehole-based methods (downhole and crosshole seismic tests) and surface wave methods. Each method has distinct advantages and limitations regarding the type of data measured, cost, logistical complexity, and spatial coverage.

Borehole methods provide direct in-situ Vs measurements, offering high-resolution depth profiling. However, these methods can be costly, require extensive site preparation, and may be influenced by borehole conditions, signal noise, or localized anomalies. Additionally, they provide point-based data, which may not fully capture lateral variations in Vs.

Surface wave methods provide indirect Vs measurements by analyzing surface wave dispersion. They are non-invasive and cost-effective, allowing for broader spatial coverage. They often enable deeper penetration than borehole methods and can also be effective in detecting lateral variations in Vs. However, their accuracy depends on the quality of inversion models and data processing techniques.

This study compiles multiple case studies to examine the advantages and limitations of both borehole and surface wave methods. It highlights key factors such as measurement approach, cost, spatial coverage, and practical constraints. By presenting a comparative evaluation, the study offers a comprehensive perspective on the strengths and challenges of each method, supporting informed decision-making in geotechnical and seismic site characterization.